Acute post-surgical pneumocephalus is frequent in patients with cranioencephalic pathology operated on in the supine and prone position. The distribution and degrees of pneumocephalus may be related to sex, the type of cranioencephalic pathology, and the depth of the surgical lesion.

Knowledge of the neurobiological bases of behavior, and above all, mastery of the tools necessary for its modification, is essential for addressing numerous types of pathologies with clinical and social impact. People can change; we only need to change our approach to offer them even a chance for the common good of society.

Petrosal apex meningiomas are defined as tumors originating in the petrous angle and which may extend anteriorly, extending from the infratemporal region to the petroclival region. We present the first case performed at the Hospital Nacional PNP Luis N. Sáenz using a combined pretemporal and subtemporal approach for petrous apex meningiomas projecting to the infratemporal fossa and petroclival region.

Neuroenteric cysts (NECs) are rare, congenital, and benign lesions that result from persistent or abnormal communication between the neuroectoderm, notochord, and endoderm. They occur primarily in pediatric and young adult patients and are associated with other vertebral-medullary, gastrointestinal, and respiratory malformations. They are intradural, extramedullary lesions, with intramedullary presentation being rare. We present the case of a patient with a recurrent intramedullary intraspinal Neuroenteric cyst at the D4-D5 level.

Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis, is a proliferative process characterized by painless lymphadenopathy and metabolic disorders. Central nervous system (CNS) invasion is uncommon (5%), and an isolated variant occurs in only 0.5%. Symptoms such as paresis and sensory disturbances are more frequent in the thoracic spine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is fundamental for diagnosis, which is confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies. Surgical resection is the therapy of choice

Free-living amoeba infections present with acute intracranial hypertension that is difficult to manage. In Peru, the most reported species are Balamuthia spp., Acanthamoeba spp., and Naegleria spp. We present the case of a child with a torpidly progressing amoebic meningoencephalitis, seen in our hospital in May 2023. Our objective is to describe the aggressive clinical presentation as a differential diagnosis for a brain tumor.