Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease characterized by synovitis, which causes damage to the ligaments and joints. The cervical region is the region of the spine most affected, with neck pain the most frequent symptom. The three forms of presentation are atlantoaxial subluxation, cranial settlement, and subaxial subluxation. The clinical evolution of patients treated conservatively is poor, with surgery being a key element to prevent the progression of neurological deterioration.

Recurrent lumbar disc prolapses (RLDP) is not uncommon after surgery. The incidence of RLDP varies from 5-18% across the different populations in the world. The exact cause of recurrence is not known but the weakness of the annular tissue due to previous surgery, exposure to repetitive lifting, heavy work causing axial load, advanced age, smoking, are some of them. The study aims to evaluate the causative factors of RLPD and the outcome of surgeries in Bangladeshi peoples.

Hydrocephalus is one of the most common pathologies in the daily care of a Pediatric Neurosurgery Service, so it is important to document the context of its presentation to improve therapeutic behavior. The objective of the present study was to describe the demographic variables, as well as the type, treatment, morbidity, and mortality of patients with hydrocephalus.

Vertebral hydatid cyst is a rare disease with an incidence rate of 0.2-1%. In the spinal cord, it can cause pain and severe disability due to compression and instability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows characteristic lesions in T1 and T2. The combination of medical anthelmintic treatment and surgery for cyst excision is the most used strategy.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disorder and its incidence is not exactly known. It occurs in all age groups but is more common in the pediatric population. It is characterized by single or multiple osteolytic-type lesions caused by clonal proliferation of cells histologically like Langerhans cells; its clinical presentation is heterogeneous.

Brain stem cavernomas constitute 18-35% of intracranial cavernomas and have the highest bleeding rate of all brain cavernomas. Its annual rebleeding rate is 21 to 60%. Asymptomatic injuries should be treated conservatively, while symptomatic and accessible injuries surgery is recommended. Surgical resection prevents neurological deterioration caused by recurrent bleeding.