Introduction: Hydrocephalus is one of the most common pathologies in the daily care of a Pediatric Neurosurgery Service, so it is important to document the context of its presentation to improve therapeutic behavior. The objective of the present study was to describe the demographic variables, as well as the type, treatment, morbidity, and mortality of patients with hydrocephalus.

Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study of children with hydrocephalus who underwent surgery in the Neurosurgery Service of the Baca Ortiz Pediatric Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2018, using the records of the clinical records from the Department of Statistics and archives of the Neurosurgery Service of our Institution.

Results: From January 2016 to December 2018, 287 patients with a diagnosis of hydrocephalus underwent surgery, presenting 63.7% as a congenital cause and 36.2% acquired; with a predominance of males (57.2%). The most common sign for which patients attended the consultation was macrocephaly (52%). Infectious dysfunctions were 10.1% vs. mechanical dysfunctions 4%. Mortality was not related to hydrocephalus, 1% of deaths were associated with systemic infection, and 0.6% with a respiratory infection.

Conclusions: Hydrocephalus in pediatric patients constitutes a frequent pathology that can be accompanied by various comorbidities, hence the importance of its timely diagnosis and adequate treatment.