Herniation of the nucleus pulposus (HNP) is the leading cause of sciatica. The standard diagnostic test is magnetic resonance imaging and treatment can be conservative or surgical. The most common surgical technique is lumbar microdiscectomy. The objective of the study was to know the epidemiological and clinical profile, as well as the surgical results of patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy at the Almenara Hospital from January 2018 to August 2021.

In recent years, spinal endoscopy has become increasingly common in our setting; however, its use is not recent. The first reported cases date back to the early 2010s by a team from the Cayetano Heredia Hospital in charge of Drs. Wesley Alaba and Jerson Flores. Although other minimally invasive procedures such as nucleoplasty, nucleolysis, or percutaneous rhizotomies had already been used since the 2000s, it was not until 2011 that endoscopy was used for the first time in a standardized manner in spinal surgery with the endoscope as the only element of vision, successfully resecting a vertebral lesion.

Spinal tuberculosis TB represents 1% of all TB cases and 50 - 60 of osteoarticular TB cases. Certain atypical clinical and radiological presentations of spinal tuberculosis are described infrequently. The lack of recognition of these presentations can lead to a delay in diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. We present the case of a patient with atypical vertebral tuberculosis operated on in our hospital.

Calcified thoracic disc herniations are rare and their approach represents a surgical challenge when they are giant and symptomatic Surgery is indicated in cases of intractable back pain with medical management. We present the case of a patient with a giant calcified thoracic hernia who was successfully operated on in our hospital using an extrapleural transthoracic approach.

Ancient schwannoma is a rare subtype of spinal schwannomas. It is named for the degenerative changes that it can present. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance helps us diagnose, as it can show heterogeneous lesions that capture ring contrast. The treatment is surgical.

Schwannomas are benign, unusual, and slow-growing tumors originating in Schwann cells; they constitute 30% of spinal tumors.  The diagnosis is clinical and imaging. The gold standard of treatment is total excision to avoid recurrence. Surgical planning must be holistic, and the surgical field must be wide to allow complete excision.