Spinal cord injury is infrequent from infancy to pre-adolescence. The incidence of traumatic lesions of the infantile spinal cord in relation to all age groups oscillates between 0.65% and 11%. Spinal injuries in relation to mild head injuries are 1 / 25-30, and severe head injuries are 1/20; However this incidence may not be as reliable because the statistics are not including minor problems or those that are not hospitalized or survive before reaching the hospital.

The fractures of Odontoid type II according to the classification of Anderson and D'Alonzo are considered the most unstable and were always difficult to handle. External immobilization is used as a frequent method by some authors, however surgery provides better fixation. Back surgery such as inter laminar and Magerl interfacetaria are used but they block the rotational mobility of the atlas axis segment.

Minimally invasive surgical procedure performed through a single hole in the skull (monoportal), with the use of a neuroendoscope to allow the fenestration of the floor of the third ventricle, thus communicating the ventricular system with the subarachnoid space. The third endoscopic ventriculostomy indications are: Obstructive or Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus (as the main indication) for: Silvio aqueduct stenosis, Tumor obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. In other types of hydrocephalus its efficacy is lower.

In tumors of the posterior fossa and previous analysis of the neurological conditions upon admission (in adults, Karnofski greater than and equal to 70) and the age of the patient, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt will be planned first if there is hydrocephalus or when in Each case is justified; Then total or subtotal or partial resection of the tumor will be performed to decompress the cranial cavity, reduce endocranial hypertension in the posterior fossa, and obtain tumor material for histopathological analysis.