The encephalocranial trauma (ECT) in children is a health problem of great social repercussion with a high incidence worldwide, whose main causes are falls from height and traffic accidents. The relationship between ECT and traumatic epilepsy has been known since the time of Hippocrates (460-357 BC), who in his treatise 'Cranial Trauma' observed that a wound in the left temporal region of the skull produced convulsive seizures in the right hemisphere and vice versa. With industrialization and particularly with the advent of motorized vehicles, residences with different levels of height and unprotected and violent sports practices, the number of cranioencephalic injuries and, consequently, traumatic epilepsy has increased alarmingly.